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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders. Nowadays there is an uprising trend toward new approaches in type 2 diabetes management. In this study the effect of Ginger supplementation on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients was examined
Methods: 81 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center participated in this randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Placebo [PG] and ginger supplemented [GG] groups. GG were supplemented with 3 ginger capsules [1 g ginger powder in each capsule] and PG received placebo. Systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], Pulse pressure [PP] and mean arterial pressure [MAP] were measured before the intervention, 2[nd] week, 4[th] week, 6[th] week, and at the end of the study [8[th] week]
Results: The SBP, DBP, PP and MAP were decreased significantly in the GG [P = 0.001] group at the end of week 8 and significantly decreased at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study. No significant changes were observed in the PG. However, its mean was statistically different between two groups at the end of intervention
Conclusion: This study indicated that daily consumption of 3 g of ginger powder in capsules for 8 weeks by patients with type 2 diabetes decreases SBP, DBP, PP and MAP
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Background: This study was conducted to determine the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on plasma homocysteine [Hcy] level, lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D]
Methods: This study is a double-blind controlled trial involving 70 patients with T2D selected from Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2013. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 g/day omega-3 soft gels [OG] or 2 g/day placebo [PG] for 6 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, Hcy concentration, fasting plasma glucose [FBG], fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], HDL-c/LDL-c ratio, insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], insulin sensitivity [IS] and beta-cell function were measured and compared
Results: Sixty five participants completed the study. The results of this study showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation caused significant increase in Hcy [P = 0.007] and LDLc [P = 0.02], while HDLc and HDLc/LDLc ratio were significantly decreased [P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively]. In both groups, insulin and HOMA-IR were increased, while IS decreased significantly. BETAetacell function was increased only in OG [P = 0.005]. There was no significant difference in mean change of any factors
Conclusion: The present study found no beneficial effects of 2 g/day omega-3 supplement for 6 weeks on biomarkers of Hcy, FBG, insulin and lipid profile in th T2D patients
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Propolis, a natural resinous substance made by bees from material extracted from plants, flowers and bee's wax, has shown great therapeutic effects and been widely used in food and drug industries. Recently, some researchers have studied the effect of this substance in the treatment of diabetes.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of bee propolis on glycemic control, serum lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><b>DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS</b>This randomized clinical trial involved 66 patients with T2D, which were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (IG) and placebo (PG). IG received 300 mg three times a day for a total of 900 mg/d of propolis pills, while PG received similar pills, lacking propolis, on the same schedule for 12 weeks.</p><p><b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</b>Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), serum insulin and insulin resistance indices were the main outcome measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean change in FBG between the IG ((17.76 ± 27.72) mg/dL decrease) and the PG ((6.48 ± 42.77) mg/dL increase) was significantly different (P = 0.01). Change in mean HbA1c had a similar pattern to FBG. The mean change in TC between the IG ((5.16 ± 43.80) mg/dL increase) and the PG ((28.9 ± 27.4) mg/dL increase) was also significantly different (P = 0.01), showing the protective role of propolis against the increase in TC. The change in mean LDL was similar to mean TC. There was no significant difference in other lipids or insulin resistance indices between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on this study, the daily intake of 900 mg of bee propolis supplement for 12 weeks results in improvement of glycemic and some serum lipid levels in patients with T2D.</p><p><b>TRIAL REGISTRATION</b>This study is registered on the website of Iranian Ministry of Health (www.irct.ir) with proprietary code of IRCT2014080218659N1.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Blood , Drug Therapy , Double-Blind Method , Glycated Hemoglobin , Insulin Resistance , Lipids , Blood , PropolisABSTRACT
Background: Iodine is an essential element for growth and development and its inadequate intake leads to insufficient production of thyroid hormone. In developed countries iodine deficiency [ID] is one of the reformable factors. So, this study determined urinary iodine [UI] status of 8-10-year old school children in Yazd province during 2007 to 2016
Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 2236 students who were randomly selected from urban and rural regions with equal proportion of gender. Questionnaires were administered to gather the required descriptive data and then morning samples of urine were collected. Iodine concentration was determined with titration and acidic digestion. Data were analyzed through SPSS software
Results: During the study period, the percentage of students with UI of lower than 2 microg/dL, was zero and only 2.37 % of them had a UI level in the range of 2-4.90 microg/dL. Median of UI was 18.40 +/- 7.70 microg/dL level of UI in normal range showed noticeable increase from 2013 to 2016. Level of normal UI in ten years was 79.02%
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, Yazd province was considered "IDD free" similar to some other provinces. Also, level of UI more than 30 microg/dL was decreased. It is clear that this approaches need continuous evaluation such as annual evaluation of UI in 8-10 years old students at province level and every five years evaluation at national level
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Background: Sexual dysfunction is an important health problem which prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D] is higher than other people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine oral supplementation on sexual function in men with T2D and mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction [ED]
Methods: Eighty men with T2D, suffering from mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction participated in this double-blind clinical trial. They were randomly assigned in to two groups; receiving 5 g/day L-arginine [AG] or placebo group [PG] for 4 weeks. Sexual functions were recorded with international index of erectile function questionnaire at the beginning and end of the intervention. Total testosterone concentrations were measured too
Results: The total mean score of sexual function parameters significantly increased only in AG than PG [43.2 +/- 6.2 vs. 39.4 +/- 4.0, P = 0.003]. Against PG, the mean of all parameters significantly improved in AG after intervention. Only the mean score of erectile function in AG had a significant increase compared to PG. Mean of other sexual activity scores between the two groups had no significant differences. The mean of testosterone concentration had a significant increase in both groups after the intervention, but the mean of changes was significantly higher in AG than in PG [1.91 microg/L vs. 0.53 microg/L, P = 0.004]
Conclusions: The present trial showed that daily consumption of 5 g L-arginine for four weeks in T2D men with mild-to-moderate sexual dysfunction improved various parameters such as erectile function, sexual satisfaction, sexual desire, pleasure from sexual intercourse, and testosterone level
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Background: Preliminary clinical trials showed that ginger improved lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients [T2D]. This trial was carried out to determine the effect of ginger on blood lipid and lipoproteins in T2D
Methods: this is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 88 T2D conducted in. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of ginger [GG] and placebo [PG], the GG consumed daily 3 one-gram capsules containing ginger powder whereas the other group received capsules of the same color and number as GG but containing cellulose microcrystalline, both after taking meals and for eight weeks. Serum total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], HDL-c, LDL-c, Apo B100 and Apo A1 were measured at the baseline and the end of trial
Results: Out of 88 patients who participated in the trial, 81 of them accomplished it. No significant changes were observed in mean of TC, TG, HDL-c, and Apo B100 within and between the groups. Serum LDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio were decreased significantly in the GG [P = 0.03, P = 0.028] at the end of trail but they were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum Apo A1 was increased significantly in the GG [P < 0.05] and PG [P < 0.05] at the end of trial but it was not significantly different between the two groups
Conclusions: This study indicated that daily consumption of 3 g of ginger powder in capsules for 8 weeks by T2D leads to lowering of LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and Apo A1. Therefore, consumption of this supplementation is appropriate for this patients
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Background: Health benefits of vitamin D has been proved by a large number of studies, however, to the best of our knowledge there has been no study investigating the effect of mega dose of vitamin D on gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. This study was the first to assess the effect of postpartum injection of mega dose of vitamin D on blood pressure [BP] in GDM
Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 58 pregnant women suffering from GDM who were randomly assigned into control [CG, n = 24] and intervention group [IG, n = 24]. Patients in intervention group [IG] received an intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of vitamin D. BP, Serum concentration of 25 [OH] D3, parathyroid hormone [PTH], calcium, phosphor, diastolic [DBP] and systolic blood pressure [SBP] were measured at the baseline and after 3 months
Results: Mega dose supplementation resulted in increased serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in IG compared with the CG [62.10 nmol/l compared with 24.10 nmol/l, P < 0.001]. Additionally, injection of vitamin D significantly reduced SBP [98.1 +/- 9.0 mmHg compared with 106.9 +/- 15.9 mmHg, P = 0.02] and slightly decreased DBP but it was not statistically significant [63.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg compared with 73.6 +/- 10.3 mmHg, P = 0.13]. Serum PTH significantly decrease after intervention in IG compared with CG [2.88 +/- 1.60 pmol/l compared with 4.78 +/- 2.4 pmol/l P= 0.003]
Conclusions: This study strongly improved vitamin D status in women with GDM and consequently confirmed the efficacy of a mega dose of vitamin D injection on decreasing of BP
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Background: Consumption of dark chocolate has been often hypothesized to have a role in the prevention of chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of consumption of dark chocolate [DC] on serum oxidative stress and blood pressure [BP] in patients with metabolic syndrome [MetS]
Methods: An 8-week parallel randomized clinical trial involving 114 patients with MetS was conducted on stable medication in 2014. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 1] consume 40 g/d DC [40G], 2] consume 20 g/d DC [20G], and 3] consume no DC as the control group [CG]. BP, radical scavenging activity of 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], and malondialdehyde [MDA] were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Results: Mean age, weight, and body mass index [BMI] of participants were 51.38 +/- 6.95 y, 77.34 +/- 12.86 kg, and 28.65 +/- 4.4 kg/m2, respectively. No significant differences were found among the three groups in relation to these variables after the intervention. The mean change of systolic blood pressure in 40G, 20G, and CG were 0.31 +/- 1.81, 0.37 +/- 1.65, and 0.26 +/- 1.56 mmHg [P = 0.3], respectively. These figures for diastolic blood pressure were obtained as 0.08 +/- 1.03, -0.02 +/- 1.12, and 0.22 +/- 1.03 mmHg. No significant changes were observed in MDA and DPPH between three groups
Conclusion: Even daily intake of 40 g of DC with 76% purity for an 8-week period had no effect on body weight, BMI, BP, and oxidative stress in patients with MetS
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Background: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D] is approximately twice as much as healthy people. This study was designed to determine the effect of L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure in patients with T2D
Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 75 T2D were randomly divided into three groups [3 g/d and 6g/d of L-arginine and placebo] for 3 months. Height, weight, waist circumference, dietary intake, and blood pressure [BP] were measured before and after intervention
Results: In patients who received 3g/d L-arginine, no significant difference was observed between BP before and after the intervention, however, subgroup analysis among patients with high BP showed significant reduction in systolic [P = 0.036] and diastolic BP [P = 0.027] after L-arginine supplementation. After 3 months of intervention, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly different compared to the baseline values and also with placebo value in patients receiving 6g/d of L-arginine [P < 0.05]
Conclusions: The daily intake of 6g of L-arginine for 3 months in T2D may improve BP. Taking 3g/d of this supplement may help to improve BP only in patients with hypertension
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Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a multifactorial, metabolic disorder. Characteristics are chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on visfatin, adiponectin, and anthropometric indices in PCOS women. The study was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. It was conducted on 84 women with polycystic ovary syndrome [26.92 +/- 5.05 years, BMI=31.69 Kg/m[2]] who referred to the fertility and infertility research center and Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd. After the examination, evaluation and paramedical assessment by obstetrician, they were recruited. They took 3 capsules of omega-3 [each one contained 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA] or placebo [each contained 1 g paraffin] daily for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was paired T-test and student T-test, and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. After the intervention, visfatin concentration did not change in neither groups. But, at the end of the study, the mean of adiponectin concentration increased [p<0.001] in omega-3 group. Moreover, the mean of changes in this factor was significantly different between groups [p<0.005]. FSH did not change in two groups of the study. However, the mean of LH decreased about 1.74 mlU/ml in omega-3 group [p<0.005]. The mean of change of LH/FSH ratio between groups was significant [p<0.05]. After the intervention, prolactin did not meaningfully change in both groups. Our results showed that 8 weeks of supplementation of omega-3 may have some beneficial effects on PCOS biochemical characteristics such as LH, LH/FSH, and adiponectin
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Sexual dysfunction is considered as an important health problems. Chronic diseases such as diabetes can have negative effect on sexual function. This study aims to determine the level of sexual dysfunction in male patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Yazd Diabetics Research Center. This descriptive study involved 69 male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yazd Diabetes Research Center- 2014. The Questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics of patients and the IIEF questionnaire [the International Index of sexual function]. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 21, and by using descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and statistical tests of Fisher' exact and T-test. The mean of age, height and weight of participants were 51.44 year, 171.14 cm, 77.55 kg, respectively. Through 15 items surveyed, lowest mean is related to the question attempted to intercourse [1.20+0.40] and the highest average related to the question marriage satisfaction [3.50 +/- 0.50]. According to the results, most of the participants were in trouble in making erection and frequency of intercourse. Informing the patient as the first and most effective ways of prevention and treatment is essential
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Background: By decreasing oxidative stress and whereby decreasing insulin resistance, it may be possible to decrease complications of Diabetes Mellitus [DM]. Green tea and sour tea contain phytochemicals which have anti-oxidative function. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of sour and green tea consumption on insulin resistance and oxidative stress in DM
Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial in which 100 type 2 diabetes patients were randomly assigned into sour tea group [ST] and green tea group [GT]. The patients were instructed to drink 150ml sour tea and green tea infusion, respectively, three times a day for 4 weeks. Fasting blood sugar [FBS], fructosamine, lipid profiles, fasting blood insulin [FBI], homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]; beta cell function [b%], insulin sensitivity [S%] and malondialdehyde [MDA] were monitored
Results: HDL-c significantly increased in both groups. The median of FBI in GT showed significant decrease [8.5 to 6.6 micro IU/mL] unlike the ST which showed significant increase [8.2 to 16.3 micro IU/mL]. The median of HOMA-IR after the intervention in GT showed lower levels than the ST [1.1 vs. 1.6, P=0.004]. The median of b% only in ST showed significant increase from 38.2% at the baseline to 47.7% after the intervention. The mean of S% only in ST showed significant decrease after the intervention
Conclusion: This study shows that the use of 150 ml infusion of green tea or sour tea, three times a day for four weeks, has positive effect on insulin resistance and certain lipoproteins in type 2 DM
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There is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between iron stores and cardiovascular disease [CVD]. The present study aimed to investigate the association between body iron indices and some cardiovascular risk factors. In a case-control study conducted in the south of Shiraz, Iran, we determined ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity [TIBC], metabolic risk factors, C reactive protein [CRP], and anthropometric measurements in 100 men aged 45 years and higher with newly diagnosed CVD and 100 adjusted controls without evidence for CVD. The mean of low density lipoprotein [LDL c], CRP, and ferritin concentrations were significantly higher in cases than controls, and high density lipoprotein [HDL c] was significantly lower in cases than controls. Pearson correlation coefficient between CRP and the other risk factors in case group showed that only ferritin, serum iron, waist circumference, and LDL c significantly correlated with CRP [r = 0.32 with P < 0.001, r = 0.29 with P < 0.05, r = 0.41 with P < 0.01, and r = 0.36 with P < 0.001, respectively]. This study indicated an association between a positive balance of body iron and CVD. Hence, caution should be exercised in administration of iron supplements to patients with CVD and in consumption of food rich in iron by them
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There is some evidence regarding the effect of poly unsaturated fatty acid intake on androgen levels and gonadal function in polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. This study was conducted to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on sex hormone-binding protein [SHBG], testosterone, free androgen index [FAI] and menstrual status in women with PCOS. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 overweight/obese women with PCOS. Participants were randomized to receive omega-3 [3gr/day] or placebo for 8 weeks. Data about weight, height and nutrient intake as well as blood samples were collected before and after intervention. Serum concentrations of testosterone [nmol/L] and SHBG [nmol/L] were measured. FAI was also calculated as the ratio of testosterone to SHBG. Seventy eight patients [age: 26.92 +/- 5.46 yrs, Body Mass Index: 31.69 +/- 4.84 Kg/m[2]] completed the study. There was no significant difference in mean age, weight, height, Body Mass Index and intake of energy, and macronutrients between 2 study groups before and after treatment. All the participants had irregular periods. After the trial the percentage of regular menstruation in the omega-3 group was more than the placebo group [47.2% vs.22.9%, p=0.049]. Furthermore, testosterone concentration was significantly lower in the omega-3 group compared with placebo, after supplementation [p=0.04]. SHBG and FAI did not change in either group. Omega-3 supplementation could reduce serum concentrations of testosterone and regulate menstrual cycle without significant effect on SHBG and FAI. Future studies with longer period of supplementation are warranted
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Androgens , Menstruation , Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin , Testosterone , Double-Blind Method , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
During pregnancy and lactation outstanding changes occur in mother's vitamin D metabolism. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of 300,000 IU vitamin D given intramuscularly on body status in new cases of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. This is a randomized clinical trial with the follow-up period of 3 months. Totally 45 participants were randomly divided into intervention group [IG] and control group [CG]. The IG received an IM injection of 300,000 IU of vitamin D, whereas CG did not. The glycosylated hemoglobin A1C [HBA1C], serum 25-OH-D, parathyroid hormone [PTH], serum calcium and phosphorus were measured. Results: Forty five patients including 24 with the mean age of 30.7 +/- 6.2 years in the IG and 21 with the mean age of 29.5 +/- 4.0 years in the CG participated in the study. The median concentration of serum 25[OH]D3 in the IG was to 62.10 nmol/l after the intervention, showing an increase of around 158%, compared to before intervention [24.25 nmol/l] whereas the CG showed a decrease of around 4.5%. Of the patients, 79.2% of IG and 81.9% of CG suffered to some degree from vitamin D deficiency. These figures were 4.2% and 71.4% for the IG and CG, respectively after the intervention.For the IG, the PTH was significantly lower and Ca was significantly higher after the intervention. The serum Phosphorus before and after the intervention in each group or between the two groups was not significant. The single 300,000 IM dose of vitamin D is regarded as an effective and safe to promptly improve vitamin D status in GDM